One of the important parts of the pneumatic components is the cylinder. In order to ensure the normal use of the cylinder and avoid unnecessary situations, for the use of the pneumatic components and cylinder, let’s check the right way to use cylinder.

cylinder  

When using the cylinder, the air quality requirements are very high.  Clean, dry compressed air should be used.  The air should not contain organic solvents, synthetic oils, salts, corrosive gases, etc., in order to avoid bottle and valve failure.  Before installation, the connecting pipe should be blown out completely, and impurities such as dust, chips and fragments of sealing strip should not be brought into the cylinder valve.  In places where is with more dust, water drops and oil drops, telescopic protective cover should be installed on the side of the rod, to avoid the rod twisting during the installation.  strong dust rings or waterproof cylinders should be used when telescopic sleeves are not available.

Standard cylinders should not be used in corrosive fogs or in fogs that inflates seal rings.  The grease lubricating cylinder should be equipped with reasonable lubricator flow, do not lubricate the cylinder with oil, because the cylinder is filled with grease in advance, which can be used for a long time. This type of cylinder can also be supplied with oil, but once the oil is supplied, it cannot be stopped because the pre-lubricated grease may have been flushed away and insufficient oil supply will cause cylinder failure.  

The installation position of the cylinder should prevent drilling cuttings from mixing into the air inlet of the cylinder.  Cylinders should not be used as liquefied gas cylinders to avoid oil leakage.  The sliding parts of the cylinder and the piston rod shall not be damaged to avoid air leakage and damage to the piston rod seal ring caused by improper operation of the cylinder.  Compensating valve should have enough space for maintenance and adjustment, electromagnetic switch should have enough space for installation and adjustment.  If the cylinder is not used for a long time, it should be operated once a month and protected with oil to prevent rust.  

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Post time:        May-21-2022

Advantages of pneumatic components:  

1. Pneumatic device is simple in structure, light and easy to install and maintain.  The medium is air, which is not easy to burn compared with the hydraulic medium, so it is safe to use.  

2, the working medium is inexhaustible air, air itself does not cost money.  Exhaust treatment is simple, no pollution to the environment, low cost.  

3. It is very easy to adjust the output force and the working speed.  The speed of the cylinder is generally less than 1M/S, which is faster than the speed of the hydraulic and electrical modes.  

4, high reliability, long service life.  The service life of effective action of electrical components is about one million times, and the life of the general solenoid valve is more than 30 million times, some good quality valves more than 200 million times.  

5, air compressibility can store energy, to achieve centralized air supply.  The energy can be released in a short time to obtain a high speed response in intermittent motion.  It can be buffered.  Strong adaptability to impact load and overload.  Under certain conditions, the pneumatic device can be self-sustaining.  

6, full pneumatic control is with fireproof, explosion-proof, moisture-proof ability.  Compared with hydraulic mode, pneumatic mode can be used in high temperature occasions.  

7, because the air flow loss is small, compressed air can be centralized supply, long-distance transportation.

Disadvantages of pneumatic components  

1, because the air has compressibility, the speed of the cylinder is subject to changes in load.  This defect can be overcome by gas-liquid linkage.  

2. When the cylinder is moving at low speed, the low speed stability of the cylinder is not as good as that of the hydraulic cylinder due to the large proportion of friction in the thrust.  

3, although in many applications, the output force of the cylinder can meet the work requirements, but its output force is smaller than the hydraulic cylinder.  

Solenoid valve selection guide

Before choosing a type of solenoid valve, sufficient information about the application must be gathered. This guide describes the key parameters for solenoid valves.

Important Information

These are the most important guidelines when selecting a solenoid valve. Keep these guidelines in mind before choosing a valve.

• Solenoid valves are very sensitive to dirt and only work with clean liquids or air.

• Note that indirectly controlled solenoid valves require a permanent pressure differential of around 0.5 bar to function properly. Therefore, you can not use indirect operated valves in a closed circuit or systems with a low inlet pressure. Direct and semi-direct operated valves operate with a pressure differential from 0 bar.

• Make sure that the used medium and temperature are compatible with the materials of the valve, such as body and the seal materials.

• Solenoid valves open and close fast (between around 10 and 1000 ms). Improper use can cause pressure transients in the system (water hammer).

Principle of operation

There are different types of solenoid valves, each with different principles of operation:

• Direct operated (operating from 0 bar)

• Semi-direct operated (operating from 0 bar)

• Indirect operated (pressure differential required, normally at least 0.5 bar)

It is important to choose the right operation principle. Direct operated valves operate from 0 bar. In the valve there is a small orifice which is sealed off by a plunger with a polymer gasket. If the solenoid (electromagnet) is electrically energized, the plunger is lifted by the electromagnetic force and the valve opens. This principle is often used for small valves and is suitable for small flow rates. For larger flow rates, a semi-direct or indirect operated valve is recommended. Both make use of the medium pressure to open and close the valve. Semi-direct operated valves operate from 0 bar and often have a more powerful coil than indirect operated valves. Indirect operated valves need a permanent pressure differential of around 0.5 bar for proper operation. The advantage of indirectly operated valves is that they usually can control large flows with a relatively small coil and thereby have a reduced energy consumption.

Check if there is a permanent pressure differential over the valve of at least 0.5 bar. In this is the case, an indirect operated valve may be chosen (a semi-direct valve is of course also allowed in this case). If this is not the case (low inlet pressure, closed circuit, ..), choose a (semi-)direct operated solenoid valve.

 

from Internet

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Post time:        May-03-2022

Tubing type

Tubing and hose may seem to be the same, but tubes are designated by their external diameter so as to be compatible with push-to-connect fittings. Hose is designated by its internal diameter, and usually comes with rigid, swivel or quick-disconnect fittings that are attached at both ends. Pipes are entirely rigid, constructed from a single solid material and usually defined by their internal diameter dimension.

Tubes are relatively rigid vessels generally made from one solid material, typically some kind of thermoplastic, which can also be internally reinforced for higher strength:

• Nylon is light, tough and dimensionally stable, with low water absorption and high resistance to flexural fatigue.

• Polyurethane is flexible, strong, resistant to abrasion and kinks and can also withstand contact with oils and fuels.

• Polyethylene and high density polyethylene (HDPE) are widely resistant to solvents and chemicals, and relatively cheap with good flexibility.

• Polypropylene withstands UV radiation, is resistant to chemical attack and can be formulated for use in food-contact applications.

• PVC and CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) is light and usually more flexible than polyethylene or nylon, with a good resistance to chemicals, and can sustain repeated sterilisation. It is also usually transparent, enabling visual confirmation of flow.

Hoses are completely flexible vessels constructed from a variety of the same thermoplastic materials. An inner tube is reinforced with one or more layers of spiral-wound or braided fibres, with a protective outer cover. Hose is generally more expensive than tubing but is more rugged and durable, as it is often used for manual tools and gets dragged across abrasive surfaces.

 

from Internet

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Post time:        Apr-02-2022

Working environment

The design of pneumatic fittings should allow the free flow of required air or gas without any opportunity for significant drops in pressure. Pipes and hoses should be configured as simply as possible, so that no energy is lost in the air’s passage through the system. Always use straight runs wherever possible, and only use elbows and Ts if absolutely necessary.

When choosing your pneumatic fittings, there are some key environmental factors that must also be taken into account.

OPERATING TEMPERATURE

The operating temperature specified by the manufacturer defines the range of temperatures or the operational temperature ratings within which the particular fitting is designed to work. This is measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or degrees Fahrenheit (°F), and the fitting may well fail if it is made to operate above or below this specified range. It must be borne in mind that the ambient temperature of the inlet air to the compression unit will affect the compressed air output.

As air heats up or rises the pressure drops, so industrial automation equipment should generally only be used in a controlled temperature environment. In general terms, every 5º F of temperature reduction produces a 1% improvement in efficiency and power conservation, but both high ambient air temperature and low intake pressures will significantly affect performance. It’s also a fact that an increase in operating temperature will cause a reduction in the operating pressure of polyurethane and nylon tubing.

CONTAMINANTS

The most common air contaminants are water, oil and particulates, such as dirt, rust and metal shavings. Such contaminants in the air intake are commonly removed by the filtration system, usually comprising a filter-regulator-lubricator unit (FRL). The lubricant also acts as a coolant in some types of compressor, but there is sometimes a danger of the heated lubricant getting back into the inlet air and causing contamination there. Additional contaminants in the form of bacteria or microorganisms can also be critical in some types of application, such as pharmaceuticals or food.

PHYSICAL SPACE

It seems simple, but it is essential to ensure that there is sufficient space around the installation to allow the best configured construction, as well as access for maintenance and repairs. It should be large enough to allow pipework to run naturally, and to permit a free flow of ambient air so the space doesn’t overheat externally. The equipment also needs to be stable with no possibility of vibration.

Rusting, power failure, irregular pressure, missing equipment, an incorrect amount of voltage or current, dirt stuck in the system and corrosion are some of the possible reasons why a solenoid valve may not properly close or open.

It works on the principle of electromagnetism. The electromagnetic field that creates the temporary magnetic field is energised when the relay's circuit detects the fault current. This magnetic field moves the relay armature to open or close connections.

A solenoid is a device comprised of a coil of wire, the housing and a moveable plunger (armature). When an electrical current is introduced, a magnetic field forms around the coil which draws the plunger in. More simply, a solenoid converts electrical energy into mechanical work.

How do you reset a solenoid valve? On regular solenoid valves, it can be switched back to the operating position by energizing the solenoid, while on solenoid valves with latch-lock function it will not be so. After being energized, the valve must be manually reset by pushing the reset-knob

The overall cost to replace the shift solenoid in an automatic transmission ranges from $200 to $500 for a single solenoid. If the damage requires you to replace the entire solenoid pack the cost increases to between $250 and $700

Solenoid valves are used wherever fluid flow has to be controlled automatically. They are being used to an increasing degree in the most varied types of plants and equipment. The variety of different designs which are available enables a valve to be selected to specifically suit the application in question.