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When deciding how to choose your pneumatic fittings, you need also to determine what type and size of tubing or hose you will need, whether it is measured in metric or imperial sizes, and whether it’s made of metal or thermoplastic. And in the first instance, you need to differentiate between tube, pipe or hose.
Tubing and hose may seem to be the same, but tubes are designated by their external diameter so as to be compatible with push-to-connect fittings. Hose is designated by its internal diameter, and usually comes with rigid, swivel or quick-disconnect fittings that are attached at both ends. Pipes are entirely rigid, constructed from a single solid material and usually defined by their internal diameter dimension.
Tubes are relatively rigid vessels generally made from one solid material, typically some kind of thermoplastic, which can also be internally reinforced for higher strength:
Nylon is light, tough and dimensionally stable, with low water absorption and high resistance to flexural fatigue.
Polyurethane is flexible, strong, resistant to abrasion and kinks and can also withstand contact with oils and fuels.
Polyethylene and high density polyethylene (HDPE) are widely resistant to solvents and chemicals, and relatively cheap with good flexibility.
Polypropylene withstands UV radiation, is resistant to chemical attack and can be formulated for use in food-contact applications.
PVC and CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) is light and usually more flexible than polyethylene or nylon, with a good resistance to chemicals, and can sustain repeated sterilisation. It is also usually transparent, enabling visual confirmation of flow.
Hoses are completely flexible vessels constructed from a variety of the same thermoplastic materials. An inner tube is reinforced with one or more layers of spiral-wound or braided fibres, with a protective outer cover. Hose is generally more expensive than tubing but is more rugged and durable, as it is often used for manual tools and gets dragged across abrasive surfaces.
Select the correct cylinder according to the following conditions:
1. According to the type of cylinder:
Choose the type of cylinder according to the working requirements and conditions. Use a heat-resistant cylinder in a high temperature environment. In a corrosive environment, the use of corrosion – resistant cylinder. Install a dust cover on the protruding end of the piston rod in harsh environments such as dust. When no pollution is required, the cylinder without oil or oil lubrication should be selected.
2, according to the size of the force:
According to the size of the load force to determine the cylinder output thrust and tension. In general, the acting force of the cylinder required by the theoretical equilibrium condition of uniform external load is multiplied by the coefficient 1.5~2.0, so that the output force of the cylinder is slightly surplus. The cylinder diameter is too small, the output force is not enough, but the cylinder diameter is too large, so that the equipment is cumbersome, the cost increases, and increases the consumption of gas, waste energy. In the fixture design, should try to use the expansion mechanism, in order to reduce the cylinder size.
3. According to the stroke of the piston:
And the use of the occasion and the stroke of the mechanism, but generally do not choose full stroke, to prevent the piston and cylinder head collision. If used for clamping machine structure, it should increase the allowance of 10~20mm according to the calculation required stroke. It should be selected as standard trip as far as possible to ensure the supply speed and reduce the cost.
4. According to the movement speed of the piston:
Mainly depends on the cylinder input compressed air flow, cylinder inlet and exhaust port size and pipe diameter. High speed motion is required. The cylinder movement speed is generally 50~1000mm/s. For high-speed motion of the cylinder, the intake pipe of large internal passage should be selected; For the load changes, in order to get slow and steady speed, can choose with throttle device or gas-liquid damping cylinder, it is easier to achieve speed control. When selecting throttle valve to control the cylinder speed, note that: when the horizontally installed cylinder pushes the load, it is recommended to use exhaust throttle speed regulation; When vertically installed cylinders lift loads, it is recommended to use intake throttle speed regulation; When the stroke is required to move smoothly to avoid impact, the cylinder with buffer device should be selected.
Pneumatic fittings are required in any kind of pressurised gas system to link together sections of tubing, pipe or hose. They typically have tighter seals and are subject to lower pressure than hydraulic fittings, and are frequently found in pneumatic instrumentation and logic control systems, as well as moving parts such as cylinders.
Although fittings may represent the minutiae of the overall pneumatic system design, they are perhaps the most important of all the elements. Pneumatic fittings, together with their pipes, hoses and tubes, connect all the other major components together, and can therefore have a major influence on the efficiency, safety and energy consumption of the entire system.
Pneumatics are used in many of today’s industrial and automation environments, and there is an increasingly wide range of options from which to choose your components. Knowing how to choose pneumatic fittings is therefore all about suiting the materials to the job and its environment. In order to break down this process, you first need to identify:
the specific environment in which your equipment will be working
the required air pressure or PSI specification of your equipment
any approvals that may be needed for the equipment and its components
the material(s) from which your fittings should be made
the type and size of tubing you will require
the type and size of thread your fittings will need
Pneumatic transmission and control technology, referred to as pneumatic, is the compressed air as the working medium to carry out energy and signal transmission, is to achieve a variety of production process, automatic control of a technology. It is an important part of fluid transmission and control. In recent decades, pneumatic transmission technology has been widely used in industrial automation and labor-saving, and has played a very important role in promoting the development of automation. Pneumatic has many advantages in practical application
1. Easy to use
Air as a working medium, air everywhere, convenient source, directly discharged into the atmosphere after use, will not pollute the environment, can be set less or do not have to set back air pipeline.
2. The system is easy to assemble
The use of quick couplings makes piping very simple, so system assembly, maintenance, and component replacement are simple.
3. It’s quick
Quick action and quick reaction, can reach the required pressure and speed in a short time. Under a certain overload operation can also ensure the safety of the system, and is not easy to overheating phenomenon.
4. Safe and reliable
Compressed air does not explode or catch fire and does not require expensive explosion-proof facilities to be used in flammable and explosive places. Can be safely and reliably used in flammable, explosive, dust, radiation, strong magnetic, vibration, impact and other harsh environment.
5. Easy storage
The air pressure has a high self-holding capacity, compressed air can be stored in the gas tank, ready to use. The pneumatic system maintains a stable pressure even when the compressor stops running and the valve is closed. Therefore, the continuous operation of the compressor is not required.
6. Long-distance transmission
Because the viscosity of air is small, the flow resistance is small, the pressure loss of air flow along the pipeline is small, which is conducive to the concentrated supply of media and long-distance transportation. Air is easily piped, regardless of distance.
7. Overload protection
Pneumatic mechanism and working parts can be overloaded and stop, so there is no danger of overload.
8. Clean
Basic pollution-free, for the requirements of high purification, pollution-free occasions, such as food, printing, wood and textile industry is very important, pneumatic has a unique adaptability, better than hydraulic, electronic, electrical control.
Air source treatment is the component working by using the pressure of the gas or the expansion of the force. It Includs air filter, pressure regulating valve, oil lubricator, etc. Pneumatic products are widely used in metallurgical mechanical and electrical, construction, transportation equipment, home appliances, light industry, machine tools, medical, packaging industry and other industries automation production. However, because the compressed air can not be directly used t, it contains a certain amount of moisture, oil and dust. After compression, the air temperature is as high as 140-170℃, and some of the water and oil have become gaseous. Therefore, it is necessary to use the compressed air after purification treatment to run the mechanical equipment.
The air source treatment includes air filter, pressure reducing valve and oil lubricator. Some companies’ solenoid valve and cylinder can do oil-free lubrication (lubricating air by grease), which does not need to use oil mist device. The filtration degree is generally 50-75μm, the pressure regulating range is 0.5-10MPa, if the filtration accuracy is 5-10μm, 10-20μm, 25-40μm, and the pressure regulating is 0.05-0.3Mpa, 0.05-1Mpa three large pieces of no pipe connected components called three coupling. The three components are indispensable air source devices in most pneumatic systems. They are installed near the gas equipment and are the final guarantee of compressed air quality. The installation sequence of the three pieces is air filter, pressure reducing valve and oil mist device according to the inlet direction. The combination of air filter and pressure reducing valve are called pneumatic coupling. We can also set air filter and pressure reducing valve together, it becomes a filter regulator (function and air filter and pressure reducing valve combined with the use of the same). Oil mist in the compressed air is not allowed in some occasions. It is necessary to use the oil mist separator to filter out the oil mist in the compressed air. In summary, these components can be selected as needed, and they can be used in combination. The air filter is used to clean the air source. It can filter the moisture in the compressed air and avoid the moisture entering the device with the gas. The pressure reducing valve can stabilize the pressure of the air source, so that the air source is in a constant state, and the damage to the hardware such as the valve or actuator can be reduced due to the sudden change in the air pressure of the air source. The filter is used to clean the air source. It can filter the water in the compressed air and avoid the water entering the device with the gas. The oil mist can lubricate the moving parts of the machine body, and can lubricate the parts that are not convenient to add lubricating oil, thus greatly prolonging the service life of the machine body.